Cultural relics due to various environments and storage time and other reasons. There will be a lot of dirt on the surface, such as soil spots, rust spots, oil stains, water stains, sweat stains, etc. due to the variety and texture of utensils, the methods used in cleaning treatment are also different. This brings a lot of inconvenience to the cleaning of cultural relics. Now let's take a look at the traditional ways of cleaning cultural relics?
Traditional cleaning treatment generally has the following ways:
1.Water Cleaning
For objects with solid texture and not afraid of water immersion, such as cultural relics and antiques made of pottery, porcelain, brick, tile, stone, copper, iron, bone, tooth, jade, wood and other materials, the dirt attached or contaminated on the surface can be washed with distilled water.
2.Dry Cleaning
If there are stains on textile cultural relics, which may fade after washing with water, they should be wiped with gasoline or sprayed directly on the stains with dry cleaner. The dry cleaner should be tested before use. When dry cleaning, it is best to start from the inconspicuous place or corner, and finally deal with the center or obvious part of the tissue.
3.Dry Wipe
Some artifacts that are afraid of water and some unearthed objects should not be rinsed with water and drugs in order to maintain the natural color of the original artifacts due to long-term earth erosion. For this kind of utensils, gently wipe them with a soft damp cloth.
4.Air Drying
For paper articles and some fabrics that are not suitable for washing or dry wiping, the air drying method should be selected to blow away the dust and moisture on their surfaces. Pay attention to the weather changes when drying outdoors, avoid long-term exposure to strong sunlight, avoid strong winds, and master the temperature and humidity changes at any time. At the same time, we should also avoid the smoke pollution near the chimney, prevent the destruction of birds and insects under the tree, and avoid the wind drying in the willow flowering season to prevent pollen contamination, etc.
5.Mechanical Dust Removal
For large, bulky and irregular utensils, such as furniture, blankets, hollowed out objects, etc., mechanical dust removal such as vacuum cleaners can be used; For large stone carvings and sculptures, high-pressure air pumps can also be used while vacuuming to blow down the dust that is not easy to be removed by the vacuum cleaner.
6.Drug Cleaning
It is mainly used for antiques and unearthed cultural relics preserved in various harsh environments. These artifacts have been buried underground for a long time, and are seriously rusted and corroded by various environmental and harmful substances. Due to the different impurities and corrosion conditions in the unearthed objects in various places, experiments should be done first when using self-made liquid medicine, and it can be used only after obvious results are achieved; We should choose different drugs and methods according to the different objects.
The above six cleaning methods will cause irreversible damage to cultural relics, but it is only a matter of the degree of damage. The cleaning of laser cultural relics is different. Laser cleaning takes advantage of the characteristics of laser beams. Through the focusing system, the laser beams can be concentrated into different spot diameters. Under the condition of the same laser energy, the laser beams of different spots produce different energy density or power density, so that the laser energy required for cleaning can be easily controlled. Laser can achieve high concentration in time and space. Laser cleaning uses these characteristics to effectively remove pollutants. The pollutants are instantly stripped from the surface of cultural relics, so as to realize the cleaning of cultural relics.
Another important aspect: it is a harmless cleaning method - the material on the surface of cultural relics and the pollutants attached to it have different absorption of laser beams. This difference enables people to distinguish between the pollutants and the material on the surface of cultural relics, so as to accurately control the laser energy required for cleaning, so as not to damage cultural relics, but also remove pollutants. At present, this technology has been widely used in stone relics, oil painting and other fields.
Laser cleaning equipment is a new generation of high-tech surface products, easy to install, operate and realize automation. It is easy to operate. When the power is turned on and the equipment is turned on, it can be cleaned without chemical reagent, medium, dust and water. It can automatically focus, fit the curved surface, and clean the surface. It has the advantages of high cleanliness. It can remove the resin, oil, dirt, dirt, rust, coating, coating and paint on the surface of the object.
1. Non contact cleaning will not damage the part matrix.
2. Precise cleaning, which can realize selective cleaning in precise position and size.
3. No chemical cleaning solution, no consumables, safety and environmental protection.
4. It is easy to operate. It can be powered on. It can be hand-held or cooperate with the manipulator to realize automatic cleaning.
5. The cleaning efficiency is very high, saving time.
6. The laser cleaning system is stable and almost requires no maintenance.
