There are various cleaning methods for traditional cleaning industrial equipment, most of which are chemical agents and mechanical methods. Compared with traditional cleaning methods such as mechanical friction cleaning, chemical corrosion cleaning, strong impact cleaning of liquid and solid, high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning and so on, laser cleaning machine has the characteristics of no grinding, non-contact, low heat effect and is suitable for objects of various materials, and is considered to be the most reliable and effective solution.
Due to the complex composition and structure of the attachment on the surface of the object, the mechanism of the laser cleaning machine is also different. The most commonly used theoretical models to explain this are as follows:
1. The laser generated by the laser can achieve a high concentration of energy through the focusing of the optical system. The focused laser beam can produce a high temperature of thousands of degrees or even tens of thousands of degrees near the focus, making the attachment on the object surface vaporize or decompose instantaneously.
2. The attachment on the surface of the object is heated and expanded by the action of the laser. When the expansion force of the attachment on the surface of the object is greater than the adsorption force between the attachment and the substrate, the attachment on the surface of the object will detach from the surface of the object.
3. Pulse laser with higher frequency and power is used to impact the surface of the object to generate ultrasonic wave on the surface of the object. The ultrasonic wave returns after impacting the hard surface of the middle and lower layers, and interferes with the incident acoustic wave, thus generating high-energy resonance wave, causing the dirt to explode, smash and separate from the surface of the substrate. When the absorption coefficient of the object and the surface attachment to the laser beam is not different, Or when the surface attachment will produce toxic substances after being heated, this cleaning method can be used.
At present, there is no uniform standard for the structure of laser cleaning machine, which needs to be determined according to the actual cleaning method, the type of substrate and dirt, the effect of cleaning requirements and other factors. However, they are basically the same in some basic structures, mainly including laser, mobile platform, real-time monitoring system, semi-automatic control operating system and other auxiliary systems.
