The problems laser cutting machines often encounter in the actual cutting process.
During the cutting process of the laser cutting machine, the light beam is focused into a small focal point by the lens of the cutting head to achieve high power density at the focal point, wherein the cutting head is fixed on the z-axis. At this time, the heat input by the light beam far exceeds the part of heat reflected, conducted or diffused by the material, and the material is quickly heated to the melting and vaporization temperature. At the same time, a high-speed air flow blows out the melted and vaporized material from the coaxial or non coaxial side, forming holes for material cutting.
In recent years, laser cutting technology is developing at an unprecedented speed, with an annual growth rate of 15% ~ 20%. Since 1985, China has been growing at an annual rate of nearly 25%. Compared with the traditional oxyacetylene and plasma cutting processes, the laser cutting speed is fast, the cutting seam is narrow, the heat affected zone is small, the perpendicularity of the cutting edge is good, and the cutting edge is smooth. At the same time, there are many kinds of materials that can be laser cut, including carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, wood, plastic, rubber, cloth, quartz, ceramics, glass, composite materials, etc.
What are the problems laser cutting machines often encounter in the actual cutting process?
1. No reaction after startup
This problem is generally caused by the output and input of the power supply. You can check the power supply for troubleshooting; Power failure is generally caused by the burning of fuse or the problem of power switch, which requires better and high-quality power fuse and control switch.
2. The the machine's output light is very weak after running for a period of time
In this case, first check whether the focal length has changed. If there is no change, check whether the focus lens on the machine has been polluted; Whether the optical path system deviates unexpectedly; The most important thing is to check whether the water circulation is smooth, so as to dissipate the heat of the laser cutting machine as much as possible, improve the energy conversion of the laser equipment, and finally achieve the focus of the light source.
3. Abnormal sparks often occur when cutting thin plate carbon steel
We know that when laser cutting thin plate carbon steel, normally, the spark beam is long and flat, and there are fewer forks. However, abnormal sparks will affect the smoothness and processing quality of the cutting surface of the workpiece. At this time, when other parameters are normal, the loss of the nozzle of the laser head should be considered. If the problem exists, the nozzle should be replaced in time. In case of no new nozzle replacement, the cutting working gas pressure shall be increased. If the thread at the connection between the nozzle and the laser cutting head is loose, stop the laser cutting immediately, check the connection state of the laser cutting head, and re thread the thread.
4. Machining round hole or linear deformation
In case of such a fault, we should first eliminate whether the laser cutting control software moves normally. For example, draw a straight line for processing and observe whether the movement of the laser head is a straight line. This can basically eliminate the possibility of software problems. At the same time, this step can also find the abnormal problem of looseness in the mechanical structure. After excluding the possibility of software and machinery, we should consider whether the laser energy is too high, and the high energy causes the non processing area to be affected. Observe whether the cutting edge of the workpiece is melted. The normal processing edge should be smooth and flat. In this case, we should properly adjust the laser power or frequency parameters to solve the problem. There is also a relatively uncommon problem, such as the deformation of the focus lens in the laser head, which can also lead to such problems. It can be judged by observing whether the beam emitted from the laser head is concentrated and whether the center of the circle is concentric.
5. The workpiece often has burrs
There are often burrs on workpieces. We should give priority to the factors that cause burrs during cutting operation. We can't blindly speed up the cutting speed. Because of blindly increasing the speed, it is very easy for the plate to be cut in the actual cutting process. This situation is particularly prominent when processing aluminum zinc coated plate. At this time, other factors of the machine tool should be comprehensively considered to solve the problem, such as whether the nozzle should be replaced, and the guide rail movement is unstable.
6. Laser incomplete cutting
Causes of such problems: check whether the selection of laser nozzle matches the thickness of processed plate, and replace the nozzle or processed plate; To detect whether the linear speed of laser cutting is too fast, it is necessary to control and reduce the linear speed according to the actual plate conditions.
